Umber
Umber, opaque, brown mineral of very variable composition, part hydrous alumina silicate, such as Turkish or Cypriot umber (see bole), part hydrous iron silicate rich in manganese and low in aluminum, found in many places and used as a brown oil and watercolour (Spanish brown, etc.) in oilcloth manufacture, as a gilding ground, for brown wood stain, for varnishes, etc. Cologne umber (Cologne, Kassel, or cauldron brown) is earthy lignite which may be dissolved in caustic potash and precipitated with acid to produce brown carmine.
Single Pigment Colours
A small overview of umber (PBr 7) single pigment colours suitable for miniatures, models, and dioramas.
- Raw Umber (PBr 7, opaque), Golden Artist Colors 1350
- Raw Umber (PBr 7, opaque), Liquitex 331
- Burnt Umber (PBr 7, opaque), Golden Artist Colors 1030
- Burnt Umber (PBr 7, opaque), Liquitex 128
- Natural Burnt Umber (PBr 7, semi-opaque), PRIMAcryl 13.684
- Burnt Umber Light (PBr 7, semi-opaque), Golden Artist Colors 1035
- Raw Umber (PBr 7, semi-translucent), PRIMAcryl 13.677
- Raw Umber (PBr 7, semi-transparent), Atelier Acrylic
- Raw Umber Yellowish (PBr 7, semi-transparent), Atelier Acrylic
- Burnt Umber (PBr 7, semi-transparent), Chroma A2 0005
- Burnt Umber (PBr 7, semi-transparent), Atelier Acrylic
Mixed Pigment Colours
- Raw Umber (PY 42 • PBk 11, opaque), Lascaux Studio 956
- Burnt Umber (PY 42 • PBr 6 • PBk 11, opaque), Lascaux Studio 957
- Transparent Raw Umber (PBk 11 • PR 101 • PY 42, glaze), Liquitex 333
- Transparent Burnt Umber (PY 42 • PR 101 • PBk 11, glaze), Liquitex 130
Source: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6. Auflage 1905–1909